Dutch Artist Vincent Van Gogh - 888 Words

â€Å"The life of an artist is a gamble, what a gamble, it’s all or nothing.† As for post-impressionist and Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh, nothing is what was received. Out of the nine-hundred paintings produced within ten years, only one was sold. Van Gogh was often ridiculed by other artists about his work and he had very few friends. One of his closest friends was his younger brother Theodorus â€Å"Theo† van Gogh. Vincent would often write to Theo and on various occasions he would write about the hardships of life, including the ways in which he was treated. In one particular letter he wrote â€Å"I wish they would only take me as I am.† Van Gogh suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy and mental illness, most commonly believed to be manic†¦show more content†¦In Vincent van Gogh’s oil painting, he used an even amount of primary and secondary colors. In Starry Night, the dark values of the blues and greens contrast greatly with the lighter values of the yellows and oranges. On the subject of the colors, he stated â€Å"There is no blue without yellow and without orange.†5 The high saturation of the work differs from the low saturation of Sower with Setting Sun also known as The Sower. The Sower is a drawing with pen and brown ink. The color brown is found in the yellow-red section of the color wheel and is a low saturation and low value hue. The brown ink gives the drawing a warm appearance whereas the blue hues in Starry Night have a more distant and cold feeling about them. Sower with Setting Sun is said to be influenced by Jean Francois’ Millet of a Sower, created in 1850, just thirty-eight years before Vincent van Gogh’s drawing of The Sower. Van Gogh, who had a religious upbringing and even became a pastor himself,2 may have also been inspired by Matthew 13 of the Bible , which says: â€Å"And he spake many things unto them in parables, saying, Behold, a sower went forth to sow; And when he sowed, some seeds fell by the way side, and the fowls came and devoured them up: Some fell upon stony places, where they had not much earth: and forthwith they sprung up, because they had no deepness of earth: And when the sun was up, they were scorched;Show MoreRelatedVincent Van Gogh Essay example1437 Words   |  6 PagesVincent van Gogh was a Dutch post-impressionist painter, whose work represents the archetype of expressionism, the idea of emotional spontaneity in painting. Van Gogh was born March 30, 1853, in Groot-Zundert, son of a Dutch Protestant pastor. Van Goghs birth came one year to the day after his mother gave birth to a first, stillborn child; also named Vincent. There has been much speculation about Vincent van Gogh suffering later psychological trauma as a result of being a replacement child andRead More vincent van gogh Essay examples1404 Words   |  6 Pages Vincent van Gogh was a Dutch post-impressionist painter, whose work represents the archetype of expressionism, the idea of emotional spontaneity in painting. Van Gogh was born March 30, 1853, in Groot-Zundert, son of a Dutch Protestant pastor. Van Goghs birth came one year to the day after his mother gave birth to a first, stillborn child; also named Vincent. There has been much speculation about Vincent van Gogh suffering later psychological trauma as a result of being a quot;replacement childquot;Read MoreArt Movement : Vincent Van Gogh1590 Words   |  7 Pagesin shaping countries, cultures, and development. Many artists have contributed to many different art movements. Art movements have occurred in all parts of the world and help establish cultures. When looking at influential artists from the past we can see people who both failed and succeeded. Many of these artists have had interesting lives that we can learn from. One especially remarkable artist was Vincent Van Gogh. Vincent Van Gogh was a Dutch and was born on March 30, 1853 in Groot-Zundert, inRead MoreA Brief Biography of Vincent Van Gogh856 Words   |  3 PagesVincent Van Gogh, born on March 30, 1853, in Groot-Zundert, Netherlands by parents, Anna Cornelia Carbentus and Theodorus Van Gogh. A year before his birth, his older brother was born and died; his name was also Vincent Van Gogh. Anna Cornelia Carbentus, the mother never got over her first child’s death despite having other children. This made Van Gogh somber. Despite this Van Gogh was very close to his young brother Theo. As a little boy, Van Gogh was inspired by his mother to love nature, drawRead MoreVincent Van Gogh Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesVincent Van Gogh was one of the world s greatest artists. Though not widely known in his lifetime, he is now considered to be the greatest Dutch artist aside from Rembrandt. He was born Vincent William van Gogh in Groot-Zundert, a small town in Brabant Netherlands, on March 30, 1853. His father was a protestant pastor which is believed to have greatly influenced Van Gogh . His mother, Anna Cornelia Carbentus, was artist that loved nature, drawing and watercolors. Her interest in all of theseRead MoreStarry Night By Vincent Van Gogh1433 Words   |  6 Pages A Cypress Tree in the Midst of the Stars Vincent Van Gogh, the Dutch artist who painted Starry Night, was disrespected and unappreciated for his works during his life. However, today he is considered one of the greatest Dutch painters. Today, his work is known for its detail, beauty, and emotion. One might claim that Vincent Van Gogh’s painting Starry Night depicts his supposed insanity. However, his painting Starry Night depicts hisRead MoreVisual Arts Paper1035 Words   |  5 Pagespractice of literature, philosophy, music and arts. However, Modernist principles replaced renaissance ideals by being more expressive through various art forms. Vincent Van Gogh, a Dutch painter, expressed modernism through his unpredictable behaviors. One of Van Gogh’s most famous art works in history, The Starry Night, greatly articulated Van Gogh’s inner chaos. Early Modernism created an expressive and artistic atmosphere of the 19th century. Modernism rejected Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian viewsRead MoreVincent Van Gogh And His Life868 Words   |  4 Pages(21st) Century, the life of Vincent Van Gogh; has become more of a legend with a substantial figure among painters and western art in the society today. Vincent Van Gogh is said to be a person with persevering characteristics due to all the failures he encountered in his career path from being a â€Å"minister like his father to dealing in arts like his uncle† (Blumer,2002) before becoming the successful painter, we all acknowledge in the world today. However, Vincent Van Gogh is practically known to beRead MoreDifferences Between The Paintings Starry Night And Sunflowers 1418 Words   |  6 Pages Vincent Van Gogh Kayla Grade-8 Ruby Ms. Margret January 22, 2017 Research Question: What are the differences between the paintings ‘Starry Night’ and ‘Sunflowers’? Abstract This research paper aims to find out the differences between the paintings ‘Starry night’ and ‘Sunflowers’ which are painted both by Vincent Van Gogh. The purpose of this paper is to compare these two paintings in different points of view. For instance it includes the time period of the paintings, the color scheme, the moodRead MoreResearch Paper On Vincent Van Gogh705 Words   |  3 PagesVincent Van Gogh: The Life and Impression of a Post-Impressionist A great artist once wrote, â€Å"If you hear a voice within you say you cannot paint, then by all means paint, and that voice will be silenced†. This artist was Vincent van Gogh, soon to be an appraised artist known all around the world for his works, such as Starry Night. He is one of the very first artists of the post-impressionist style than is now adored in every continent. However, there is much more to the man than one painting

John Milton Free Essays

string(247) " together heard What time the gray-fly winds her sultry horn, Batt’ning our flocks with the fresh dews of night, Oft till the star that rose, at ev’ning, bright Toward heav’n’s descent had sloped his west’ring wheel\." The great poetic tradition of pastoral elegies survives in modern times predominantly by literary allusion and through the interests and efforts of scholars. At the time of Milton’s writing of â€Å"Lycidas,† in 1637, the tradition of pastoral elegy remained sufficiently topical that the poem was hailed as a masterpiece by readers and judged to be among Milton’s finest compositions. However, the poem displayed certain anarchistic tendencies, even upon its publication, and a sense of too-controlled formality for some readers, among them Samuel Johnson who remarked: â€Å"the diction is harsh, the rhymes uncertain, and the numbers unpleasing [. We will write a custom essay sample on John Milton or any similar topic only for you Order Now .] in this poem there is no nature, for there is no truth; there is no art, for there is nothing new† (Thorpe,66). In fact, what might be called the weakest lines of â€Å"Lycidas† demonstrate a type of strained heroicism, or emotional fabrication, which contrasts sharply with the intended theme of the poem: Had ye been there, for what could that have done? What could the Muse herself that Orpheus bore, The Muse herself for her enchanting son, Whom universal nature did lament, When, by the rout that made the hideous roar, His gory visage down the stream was sent, (Lycidas) The phrasing in this passage, including the densely packed allusion of classical mythology and the proliferation of adjectives â€Å"enchanting,† â€Å"universal,† â€Å"hideous,† â€Å"gory,† at the expense of active verbs dampens the impact of the lines, as well as dampening the overall impact of the poem. Other passages of the pome stand out with a peculiarly modern tone and sentiment; in fact, â€Å"Lycidas offers a passage, which when taken away from the rest of the poem, could stand as, itself, an elegy to the drowned Shepard: â€Å"The musk-rose, and the well-attired woodbine,/With cowslips wan that hang the pensive head,/ And every flower that sad embroidery wears./Bid amaranthus all his beauty shed, And daffadillies fill their cups with tears,/To strew the laureate hearse where Lycid lies.† (Lycidas). In this passage, the sentiment of the poem overrides any sense of artifical diction or meter. Interestingly enough, the restraint demonstrated in these lines proved a Literary â€Å"premonition† of another famous elegy, composed by the American poet, Hart Crane, in 1922. Crane’s poem â€Å"Praise for an Urn† may be the most famous elegy in American poetry. Like â€Å"Lycidas,† the poem is lyrical and formal in diction and prosody.  Ã‚   Milton’s poem, composed with an irregular rhyme patter, sought to evoke the sense of formal oratory; Crane’s poem traces a similar strategy, but is written in a form of blank verse, without rhyme. The greatest distinction between the two poems is a distinction intone. Whereas Milton’s poem is openly passionate and   public, Crane’s poem is restrained and intimate. Where Milton utilized plentiful allusion to classical poetry, myth, and history — Crane relies, instead, upon hermetic allusion : â€Å"The slant moon on the slanting hill/Once moved us toward presentiments† (Crane) and the poem’s power is grasped — not by what is articulates, precisely, but what it cannot articulate. The closing lines of â€Å"Praise for an Urn† are, in fact, a denial of the elegy itself as a meaningful gesture of grief: Scatter these well-meant idioms Into the smoky spring that fills The suburbs, where they will be lost. They are no trophies of the sun. (Crane) If the poetic elegy survives in the modern world, it will likely follow Crane’s example more closely than Milton’s. The modern reader and one presumes, the modern poet, has become less of a public orator given to extensive allusion to classical myth and literature, and has become more of a private confessor, a singer of subjective, rather than collective, feelings and impulses. Work Cited Thorpe, James B., Milton Criticism: Selections from Four Centuries; Rinehart, 1950. PRAISE FOR AN URN In Memoriam: Ernest Nelson    It was a kind and northern face That mingled in such exile guise The everlasting eyes of Pierrot And, of Gargantua, the laughter.    His thoughts, delivered to me From the white coverlet and pillows, I see now, were inheritances — Delicate riders of the storm.    The slant moon on the slanting hill Once moved us toward presentiments Of what the dead keep, living still, And such assessments of the soul    As, perched in the crematory lobby, The insistent clock commented on, Touching as well upon our praise Of glories proper to the time.    Still, having in mind gold hair, I cannot see that broken brow And miss the dry sound of bees Stretching across a lucid space.    Scatter these well-meant idioms Into the smoky spring that fills The suburbs, where they will be lost. They are no trophies of the sun.    Hart Crane (1922) Lycidas by John Milton In this monody the author bewails a learned friend, unfortunately drowned in his passage from Chester on the Irish Seas, 1637; and by occasion foretells the ruin of our corrupted clergy, then in their height. Yet once more, O ye laurels, and once more, Ye myrtles brown, with ivy never sere, I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude, And with forced fingers rude Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year. Bitter constraint, and sad occasion dear, Compels me to disturb your season due; For Lycidas is dead, dead ere his prime, Young Lycidas, and hath not left his peer. Who would not sing for Lycidas? He knew Himself to sing, and build the lofty rhyme. He must not float upon his wat’ry bier Unwept, and welter to the parching wind, Without the meed of some melodious tear. Begin then, Sisters of the sacred well, That from beneath the seat of Jove doth spring, Begin, and somewhat loudly sweep the string. Hence with denial vain, and coy excuse, So may some gentle Muse With lucky words favour my destined urn, And as he passes turn And bid fair peace be to my sable shroud. For we were nursed upon the selfsame hill, Fed the same flock by fountain, shade, and rill. Together both, ere the high lawns appeared Under the opening eyelids of the morn, We drove a-field, and both together heard What time the gray-fly winds her sultry horn, Batt’ning our flocks with the fresh dews of night, Oft till the star that rose, at ev’ning, bright Toward heav’n’s descent had sloped his west’ring wheel. Meanwhile the rural ditties were not mute, Tempered to th’ oaten flute; Rough Satyrs danced, and Fauns with cloven heel From the glad sound would not be absent long; And old Damoetas loved to hear our song. But O! the heavy change now thou art gone, Now thou art gone and never must return! Thee, Shepherd, thee the woods, and desert caves, With wild thyme and the gadding vine o’ergrown, And all their echoes mourn. The willows, and the hazel copses green, Shall now no more be seen Fanning their joyous leaves to thy soft lays. As killing as the canker to the rose, Or taint-worm to the weanling herds that graze, Or frost to flow’rs, that their gay wardrobe wear, When first the white-thorn blows; Such, Lycidas, thy loss to shepherd’s ear. Where were ye, Nymphs, when the remorseless deep Closed o’er the head of your loved Lycidas? For neither were ye playing on the steep Where your old bards, the famous Druids, lie, Nor on the shaggy top of Mona high, Nor yet where Deva spreads her wizard stream. Ay me, I fondly dream! Had ye been there, for what could that have done? What could the Muse herself that Orpheus bore, The Muse herself for her enchanting son, Whom universal nature did lament, When, by the rout that made the hideous roar, His gory visage down the stream was sent, Down the swift Hebrus to the Lesbian shore? Alas! what boots it with uncessant care To tend the homely slighted shepherd’s trade, And strictly meditate the thankless Muse? Were it not better done as others use, To sport with Amaryllis in the shade, Or with the tangles of Neaera’s hair? Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise (That last infirmity of noble mind) To scorn delights, and live laborious days; But the fair guerdon when we hope to find, And think to burst out into sudden blaze, Comes the blind Fury with th’ abhorred shears, And slits the thin-spun life. â€Å"But not the praise,† Phoebus replied, and touched my trembling ears: â€Å"Fame is no plant that grows on mortal soil, Nor in the glist’ring foil Set off to the world, nor in broad rumour lies, But lives and spreads aloft by those pure eyes And perfect witness of all-judging Jove; As he pronounces lastly on each deed, Of so much fame in heav’n expect thy meed.† O fountain Arethuse, and thou honoured flood, Smooth-sliding Mincius, crowned with vocal reeds, That strain I heard was of a higher mood; But now my oat proceeds, And listens to the herald of the sea That came in Neptune’s plea. He asked the waves, and asked the felon winds, What hard mishap hath doomed this gentle swain? And questioned every gust of rugged wings That blows from off each beaked promontory: They knew not of his story, And sage Hippotades their answer brings, That not a blast was from his dungeon strayed; The air was calm, and on the level brine Sleek Panope with all her sisters played. It was that fatal and perfidious bark, Built in th’ eclipse, and rigged with curses dark, That sunk so low that sacred head of thine. Next Camus, reverend sire, went footing slow, His mantle hairy, and his bonnet sedge, Inwrought with figures dim, and on the edge Like to that sanguine flower inscribed with woe. â€Å"Ah! Who hath reft (quoth he) my dearest pledge?† Last came, and last did go, The Pilot of the Galilean lake. Two massy keys he bore of metals twain, (The golden opes, the iron shuts amain) He shook his mitred locks, and stern bespake â€Å"How well could I have spared for thee, young swain, Enow of such as for their bellies’ sake Creep, and intrude, and climb into the fold! Of other care they little reckoning make Than how to scramble at the shearers’ feast, And shove away the worthy bidden guest. Blind mouths! that scarce themselves know how to hold A sheep-hook, or have learned aught else the least That to the faithful herdman’s art belongs! What recks it them? What need they? They are sped; And when they list, their lean and flashy songs Grate on their scrannel pipes of wretched straw; The hungry sheep look up, and are not fed, But swoll’n with wind, and the rank mist they draw, Rot inwardly, and foul contagion spread; Besides what the grim wolf with privy paw Daily devours apace, and nothing said; But that two-handed engine at the door Stands ready to smite once, and smite no more.† Return, Alpheus, the dread voice is past That shrunk thy streams; return, Sicilian Muse, And call the vales, and bid them hither cast Their bells and flow’rets of a thousand hues. Ye valleys low, where the mild whispers use Of shades, and wanton winds, and gushing brooks On whose fresh lap the swart star sparely looks, Throw hither all your quaint enamelled eyes, That on the green turf suck the honeyed show’rs, And purple all the ground with vernal flow’rs. Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies, The tufted crow-toe, and pale jessamine, The white pink, and the pansy freaked with jet, The glowing violet, The musk-rose, and the well-attired woodbine, With cowslips wan that hang the pensive head, And every flower that sad embroidery wears. Bid amaranthus all his beauty shed, And daffadillies fill their cups with tears, To strew the laureate hearse where Lycid lies. For so to interpose a little ease, Let our frail thoughts dally with false surmise. Ay me! whilst thee the shores and sounding seas Wash far away, where’er thy bones are hurled, Whether beyond the stormy Hebrides, Where thou perhaps under the whelming tide Visit’st the bottom of the monstrous world; Or whether thou, to our moist vows denied, Sleep’st by the fable of Bellerus old, Where the great vision of the guarded mount Looks toward Namancos and Bayona’s hold. Look homeward, Angel, now, and melt with ruth; And, O ye dolphins, waft the hapless youth. Weep no more, woeful shepherds, weep no more, For Lycidas your sorrow is not dead, Sunk though he be beneath the wat’ry floor. So sinks the day-star in the ocean bed, And yet anon repairs his drooping head, And tricks his beams, and with new-spangled ore Flames in the forehead of the morning sky: So Lycidas sunk low, but mounted high, Through the dear might of Him that walked the waves, Where, other groves and other streams along, With nectar pure his oozy locks he laves, And hears the unexpressive nuptial song, In the blest kingdoms meek of joy and love. There entertain him all the saints above, In solemn troops, and sweet societies, That sing, and singing in their glory move, And wipe the tears for ever from his eyes. Now, Lycidas, the shepherds weep no more; Henceforth thou art the genius of the shore, In thy large recompense, and shalt be good To all that wander in that perilous flood. Thus sang the uncouth swain to th’ oaks and rills, While the still morn went out with sandals grey; He touched the tender stops of various quills, With eager thought warbling his Doric lay: And now the sun had stretched out all the hills, And now was dropped into the western bay. At last he rose, and twitched his mantle blue: Tomorrow to fresh woods, and pastures new. Instructions from the instructor: 1. Lycidas is in the tradition of great pastoral elegies. But often it seems a relic of the past, when in fact the elegiac tradition has continued. Or has it? Find a post-1850 elegy (not necessarily a pastoral elegy) and compare/contrast it with Lycidas in order to show how the elegiac tradition has or has not continued or changed. Please provide a copy of the elegy you choose with your paper praise for an urn 1 source mla How to cite John Milton, Essay examples John milton Free Essays When I consider how my light is spent†, and â€Å"How Soon Hath Time†, the poet refers to his blindness and the use of time. From the death of his infant son, to the death of his wife, down to Milton becoming blind, surprisingly, he had yet to let these obstacles stop him from being the amazing writer/Poet we was. â€Å"When I considered how my light is spent†, is a sonnet referring to his blindness nd his secret obsession with time. We will write a custom essay sample on John milton or any similar topic only for you Order Now Towards the end of this sonnet he questions his God as to why Milton’s â€Å"one talent† (line 3) was taken from him (his sight) and how it is possible to serve God with his blindness. Milton knows that he is talented, â€Å"though my Soul more bent to serve therewith my Maker, and present my true account, lest he returning chide;† (lines 4-6) his soul desires â€Å"bent† to use his skills in the service of his â€Å"Maker,† God, but doesn’t know how to deal with it: â€Å"And that one talent which is death to hide† (line 3). It is ironic because here is a man who is incredibly talented, et isn’t able to use his talents. Because its â€Å"Lodged with [me] useless, though my soul more bent†, where he almost bluntly states that he knows he has an amazing talent, which is his astounding ability to write amazing poems and such writings. â€Å"He does consider his blindness briefly in the poem, but taking Milton’s work so literally as to suppose that his blindness was all that he was talking about doesn’t give credit to Milton’s completely abstract thinking nor his depth of understanding holy literature. â€Å"( Georgii ). The start of the poem goes smooth as he tells the reader is view of being blind. Then midstream the poem he slips into the conversation about god as his maker and how Milton is supposed to serve God in his blind state. He refers to â€Å"Light†, which is also referred to in the bible. He attempts to describe man’s relationship with god. I believe he is referring to light in the form of which Jesus speaks of light when quoting the Bible (all forms) Jesus says, â€Å"and no one would light a lamp and put it under a clay pot. A lamp is placed on a lampstand, where it can give light to everyone in the house. Matthew 5:15;Contemperary English Version): â€Å"Jesus proceeded here to show them that the very reason why they were enlightened was that others might also see the light, and be benefited by it. When people light a candle, they do not conceal the light, but place it where it may be of use. So it is with religion. It is given that we may benefit others. It is not to be concealed, but suffered to show itself, and to shed light on a surrounding wicked world† (Barne’s). In the scripture it also says â€Å"For there is nothing hidden that will not be disclosed, and nothing concealed that ill not be known or brought out into the open. (Luke 8:17). As I am still referring to Milton’s â€Å"Light†. His talent is nothing to hide, but feels as though, due to his loss of sight. Because he can no longer see light he is forced to â€Å"see† in another way. Fore his blindness does not attect ni ty to write, but it only makes it more difficult but not impossible. The bible also states, â€Å"The light of the body is in the eye; therefore when thine eye is single thy whole body also is full of light; but when thine eye is evil, thy body is full of darknes s. If thy whole body therefore be full of light, having no part dark, the whole shall be full of light† Here, eye does not literally mean eye in the sense of seeing but in the sense of what is within a person. Solely speaking that Milton isn’t necessarily an evil person but due to his own insecurities feels as though. Because of his â€Å"dark world and wide†, feels he has not yet seen the light. Milton claims his talent is â€Å"useless†, and by not using his talent to write an epic poem, Milton thinks he’s wasting it. In the Biblical story, â€Å"a master gives servants oins (talents) to turn a profit on them; when one servant buries the talent instead, the master chides him for not putting it in the bank and earning interest. The master is supposed to be God† (web. ) So this chimes into â€Å"lest He returning chide†, that he wants his â€Å"true account† meaning he wants to be recognized for what he’s worth. His One talent was far more than a biblical day-laborer could expect to earn. â€Å"His state Is kingly: thousands at His bidding speed, And post o’er land and ocean without rest; They also serve who only stand and wait†. Meaning that god is holy and bove all, because he created your talent he only serves those who wait. By the end of this poem he shows that he has learned the conclusion to his hidden talent which is not to sit and do nothing or wait without any effort or prolonging for what you want but Instead, he’s trying to say that god only serves those who wait for better or remain faithful to his kingly name. While this amazing epic poem stresses the fact that god is behind you, one of his other sonnets expresses otherwise, â€Å"How soon hath time†, talks about aging and how it happens so fast. Hes Just turned 24 and everything is feeling like its going so fast. His life is excelling at a faster rate than he’d like, and he Just wants to do great things with his life. I don’t think he feels as he’s done enough for where he is, even though he clearly has. At the end he calms down and takes a break. He says the heavens will lead him to where he should be. And he wants to use all of his talents God gave him, and use them to his full potential. â€Å"My hasting days fly on wtih full career, But my late spring no bud or blossom shew’th. Perhaps my semblance might deceive the truth, How to cite John milton, Papers

Patrons Of A Singles Bar Essay Example For Students

Patrons Of A Singles Bar Essay PATRONS OF A SINGLES BAROne only needs a singles bar to examine a unique cross section of life. These interesting varieties of individuals, give an impression of how a singles bar can effect morality. Such a place also vindicates compatibility and has a sociable aura. This kind of bar is generally a place to gather and discuss nightly activities, a hot spot for the lonesome, and a turf for the inebriated. Giving directions to everyone incorporated with the happening events of the evening, can be a difficult task. Most individuals use a familiar singles bar as a standard meeting place. From this point, getting a drink while wasting time for a later event; or even planning further activities is possible. In edition, such a convivial location promotes functions in the local area, similar to the showing of Monday Night Football on a big screen TV. A common individual, who is always among the population at a singles bar, is a lonesome person. They attend such a bar to escape from the feeling of being alone. Going to a singles bar gives this type of isolated public figure a better opportunity to communicate with others. In edition, a desolate may feel the need to be liked. They will repeatedly attend such eligible places to come in contact with a compatible companion or simply to meet new people. For this individual, going to a singles bar merely relieves the everyday stresses of being forlorn. Another collective group of individuals that are known to frequent single bars, are those who are there simply to imbibe alcohol. Although it is not an impressive situation or in itself a pretty picture, it is fact that there is a percentage of persons who are present solely for the purpose of getting drunk. The main incentive why alcoholics are lured to a singles bar is for the drink specials. These distilled beverage bargains are supposed to be encouraging to those who are trying to pick up a date; yet, the specials seem to be the most enticing to the heavy drinkers. The melting pot of a singles bar is truly a diverse Mecca of individuals. Each of these members has comparable interest and various desires. Some might see the singles bar as a homogeneous mixture of lascivious singles; yet, others may see it as a unique variety of people. Overall, everyone is really only looking for an interval of peace and happiness in life; and each hopes to find that special some one or something.

Was Socrates Wise About God Essays - Socratic Dialogues

Was Socrates Wise About God? Mary Garofalo Fr. Mohr October 18, 2000 Socrates's Wisdom of God In this paper I will attempt to define, for the reader, the true meaning of wisdom and all of its parts. I will try to explain knowledge and the knower versus the known. I will also, attempt to explain exactly how a person comes to be considered wise, as Socrates was. So, in truth, explain the Socratic method. Hopefully, by the time the reader has finished this paper, he/she will have a good grasp on my own opinion of Socrates and also, have a grasp on the definition of wisdom and how it applies to Socrates. I will accomplish theses tasks by using the works of Plato, the Apology, the Crito and the Phaedo, in hopes to prove my point. What is wisdom? The literal meaning, or etymology of the word is rooted in the Indo-European words such as weid, woid, wid meaning, ?to see?. The etymology of wisdom also can be seen in the verb ?wit? from German, which means, ?to know? (Mohr, 3). So, the etymology is too see and to know. This is the definition I will expand on. Wisdom is a type of seeing. Seeing means that the seer and the object being seen are united. This union of the seer or knower and the known or seen is Knowledge. Knowledge can be in relation to virtually anything where there is a union of the knower and the known. One can be the knower of Biology and he knows about life. He has knowledge about life. One can know psychology and have knowledge about the human psyche. But my question is, are the Biologist and the Psychologist really wise Or do they only have one type of knowledge on one select subject? Take this analogy for example. A person may have a complete understanding of how to ride a bicycle. They know a ll of the laws and the mechanics and the physics of the entire concept of riding a bike. But they have never tried to ride it; to experience it (class notes). Do they have wisdom of how to ride a bicycle? I believe wisdom is knowledge, most definitely. But, it is not that simple. I believe that in order for one to be considered wise, one must have more than one type of knowledge, such as the person who knows how riding a bike works. That is what is called theoretical knowledge. There are two types of knowledge. Theoretical knowledge is the knowledge of how the fundamental laws of a situation (such as riding a bicycle) work. There is also a second type of knowledge. That is practical knowledge. Practical knowledge by definition is, a knowledge of how to do something or life experience (for example, being able to physically ride a bicycle). So, again I ask, what is wisdom? Well, one part of my own definition is that wisdom is knowledge of the practical as well as the theoretical. It is life experience as well as being able to understand and appreciate the laws and mechanics or fundamentals of a situation. Another aspect I believe is essential to wisdom is the ability to constantly question one's surroundings. I believe that it is absolutely essential for one to first doubt, then question, then communicate ones thought. In this method, it is the main objective to constantly search for the truth in every situation. The last aspect that I believe is necessary to embody wisdom is a little more difficult to explain. It has to do with the statements above, as in the constant quest for truth. To legitimately be on a quest for truth one must do the following: First, question themselves. By doing this, they will have the ability to know themselves. In order for one to know him/herself, one must have knowledge of God's existence and ever-presence. By knowing one's self and by knowing God, one will have a conscience, which will be the element of good judgment, decion making and purity of motives. Now, the initial question that has been argued for ages, was Socrates wise As I had stated previously, to be wise is to know one's self, to know god through questioning,

Dining Preference in America essays

Dining Preference in America essays One of the American dining practices that stands out in contrast to eastern cultures is how food is served and eaten, in a traditional restaurant setting. Each person is expected to order an entre for himself, along with any appetizer, salad, soup, or desserts he wishes to have. Over the course of the meal each dish is served sequentially, usually at a rectangular table, and everybody concentrates on his own dish with sharing kept to a minimum unless among closer friends or relatives. Napkins are used to keep off messy stains and loud eating noise is usually considered bad form. On the other hand, a traditional Chinese meal would involve a collection of different dishes of meats and vegetables, soup, all served together with bowls of personal servings of rice to consumed with the dishes. Instead of forks and knives, each person is equipped with a pair of chopsticks and a soup spoon that he or she uses to pick up food from the communal dishes. The sharing of these different dishes is facilitated with a round table that places each person at equal distances to them. Chewing food with your mouth open, resting your elbow on the table top, and leaving your chopsticks standing in the middle of your rice bowl are all considered bad manners, especially the last since it symbolizes incense burnt at a funeral. For someone from a Chinese cultural background, having a formal dinner with his American companions might be a difficult experience. He will probably be tempted to try out everyones dishes at the table, have difficulties cutting his steak with a pair of k nife and fork, and kept comparing how his meal will taste like with steamed rice or noodles. In comparing the seating styles, the Americans have a rigid and well defined personal space as opposed to the Chinese who would try to fit as many people as possible into a table. Even the geometric shapes of the dining tables show a contrasting social practice. The r...

Arithmetic Mean and Five-step P-value Approach

A manufacturer of chocolate candies uses machines to package candies as they move along a filling line. Although the packages are labeled as 8 ounces, the company wants the packages to contain a mean of 8. 17 ounces so that virtually none of the packages contain less than 8 ounces. A sample of 50 packages is selected periodically, and the packaging process is stopped if there is evidence that the mean amount packaged is different from 8. 17 ounces. Suppose that in a particular of 50 packages, the mean amount dispensed is 8. 159 ounces, with a sample standard deviation of 0. 051 A. Is there evidence that the population mean amount is different from 8. 17 ounces? (Use a 0. 05 level of significance. ) B. Determine the p-value and interpret its meaning. 9. 27 In New York State, savings banks are permitted to sell a form of life insurance called savings bank life insurance (SLBI). The approval process consists of underwriting, which includes a review of the application, a medical information bureau check, possible requests for additional medical information and medical exams, and a policy complication stage in which the policy pages are generated and sent to the bank for delivery. The ability to deliver approved policies to customers in a timely manner is critical to the profitability of this service. During a period of one month, a random sample of 27 approved policies is selected, and the total processing time, in days, is recorded (and stored in insurance): 73 19 16 28 31 56 45 17 22 18 91 92 50 51 69 A. In the past, the mean processing time was 45 days. At the 0. 05 level of significance, is there evidence that the mean processing time had changed from 45 days? B. What assumption about the population distribution is needed in order to conduct the t test in (a)? C. Construct a boxplot or a normal probability plot to evaluate the assumption made in (b). D. Do you think that the assumption needed in order to conduct the t test in (a) is valid? Explain. 93. 1 One operation of a steel mill is to cut pieces of steel into parts that are used in the same frame for front seats in an automobile. The steel is cut with a diamond saw and requires the resulting parts must be cut within Ð’Â ± 0. 005 inch of the length specified by the automobile company. The file Steel contains a sample of 100 steel parts. The measurement reported is the difference, in inches, between the actual length of the teel part, as measured by a laser measurement device, and the specified length of the steel part. For example, a value of -0. 002 represents a steel part that is 0. 002 inch shorter than the specified length. A. At the 0. 05 level of significance, is there evidence that the mean difference is not equal to 0. 0 inches? B. Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the population mean, Interpret this interval. C. Compare the conclusions reached in (a) and (b). D. Because n= 100, do you have to be concerned about the normally assumption needed for the t test and t interval? 9. 45 In recent year, the Federal Communications Commission reported that the mean wait for repairs for ATT customers was 25. 3 hours. In an effort to improve this service, suppose that a new repair service process was developed. This new process, used for a sample of 100 repairs, resulted in a sample mean of 22. 3 hours and a sample standard deviation of 8. 3 hours. A. Is there evidence that the population mean amount is less than 25. 3 hours? (Use a 0. 05 level of significance. ) B. Determine the p- value and interpret its meaning. 9. 47 You are the manager ot a restaurant that delivers pizza to college dormitory rooms. You have Just changed your delivery process in an effort to reduce the mean time between the order and completion of delivery from the current 25 minutes. A sample mean of 22. 4 minutes and a sample standard deviation of 6 minutes. A. Using the six- step critical value approach, at the 0. 05 level of significance, is there evidence that the population mean delivery time value of 25 minutes? B. At the 0. 05 level of significance, use the five-step p-value approach? C. Interpret the meaning of the p- value in (b). D. Compare your conclusions in (a) and (b). 9. 53 The U. S. Department of Education reports that 46% of full-time college students are employed while attending college (data extracted from The Condition of Education 2009, National Center for Education Statistics, nces. ed. gov). A recent survey of 60 full-time students at Miami University found that 29 were employed. A. Use the five- step p-value approach to hypothesis testing and a 0. 05 level of significance to determine whether the proportion of full-time students at Miami University is different that the national norm of 0. 6. B. Assume that the study found that 36 of the 60 full-time students were employed and repeat (a). Are the conclusions the same? 9. 55 One of the issues facing organizations is increasing diversity throughout the organization. One of the ways to evaluate an organizations success at increasing diversity is to compare the percentage of employees in the organization in a particular position with a specific background to the percentage in a position with that specific background in the general workforce. Recently, a large academic medical center determined that 9 of 17 employees in a particular position were female, whereas 55% of the employees for this position in the general workforce were female. At the 0. 05 level of significance, is there evidence that the proportion of females in this position at this medical center is different from what would be expected in the general workforce? 9. 57 One of the biggest issues facing e-retailers is the ability to reduce the proportion of customers who cancel their transaction after they have selected their products. It has been estimated that about half of prospective customers cancel their transactions after they have selected their products (data extracted from B. Tedeschi, E- Commerce, a Cure for Abandoned Shopping Carts: A Web Checkout System That Eliminates the Need for Multiple Screens, The New York Times, February 14, 2005, p. C3). Suppose that a company changed its Web site so that customers could use a single page checkout process rather than multiple pages. A sample of 500 customers who had selected their products were provided with the new checkout system.

Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes - Essay Example This essay researches various medical studies and provides information on connections between obesity and second type diabetes in the UK. Although there is subjectivity about the exact causes of diabetes, yet there are certain factors that increase an individual’s tendency to develop different kinds of diabetes. This particularly includes being obese or overweight for the type 2 diabetes. This essay coveres 3 most commonly used theories on the topic and also suggests on "How can the Risk of Diabetes Type 2 be Reduced". The first theory, that is described in this essay is based on the assumption that metabolism is subject to great changes because of being overweight because more fat molecules are released into the blood. When these fat molecules find their way to the cells which react to insulin, fat cells interfere with the functioning of these cells and reduce their ability to respond to insulin. The second theory, that is used states that fat in the abdomen releases pro-inflammatory chemicals. The condition of having excess abdominal fat is called as abdominal obesity, and it is an especially high-risk obesity form. It is believed by the scientists that in prediabetes, the level of fatty acids in the blood increases. The third theory holds that obesity can lead to prediabetes. It is believed by the scientists that in prediabetes, the level of fatty acids in the blood increases. In conclusion to these theories in the essay, good news is that an individual’s tendency of developing type 2 diabetes can be reduced by losing weight.

Opposing Review of Apple 32GB iPhone 3GS review by PCWORLD.com Essay

Opposing Review of Apple 32GB iPhone 3GS review by PCWORLD.com - Essay Example One touch word selection, copy/paste, improved control over power, downloads and applications, new ways of communication etc are some of the features which makes android 2.3 better than iPhone OS 3.0 upgrade. Another claim about 3GS is the boosted CPU (600MHz) and its RAM (256MB). Samsung galaxy S2 which was released recently has 1.2 GHz dual core processor along with 512 MB RAM. It is evident from the above statistics that Galaxy S2 has pushed 32GB iPhone yards behind. Even 3G, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are functioning at a better rate in Samsung Galaxy S2 compared to iphone 3GS. â€Å"I was pleasantly surprised to have a noticeably better experience navigating apps like Marco Polo CityGuide London, a largely text-based utility with hooks into the Maps app† (Perenson, 2009). Mellissa would have even more surprised if she gets an opportunity to experience the navigation facilities available in Samsung Galaxy S2. GPS/Geo tagging is functioning far better in S2 than in iphone 3GS. The GPS facilities in S2 give you driving time, walking time and running time between two different places. It has the ability to locate your place automatically and guide you to your destination. Another feature of iphone which attracted Mellissa was the enhanced camera facility in iphone 3GS. She says that the 2 MP camera in earlier version was upgraded to 3MP in the newer version of iphone 3GS. It should be noted that Galaxy S2 has 8MP camera at the back and 3 MP camera in front and no other mobile phones in the world at present has superior imaging ability than S2. Another feature of iphone 3 GS which attracted Mellissa was the superior voice control facilities of it. Mellissa says that iphone 3GS is capable of obeying lot of voice commands. She should remember that Galaxy S2 is probably the only phone available now which has the ability to type text messages using voice recognition software. Galaxy S2 can be controlled more effectively through voice commands than iphone 3GS. Melli ssa says that iphone 3GS has superior display than any other phones in the world now. She argues that texts appear on iphone 3GS much sharper than any other phones in the world. Her opinions would have changed, if she gets an opportunity to check the display and touchscreen controls of galaxy S2. Galaxy S2 has definitely superior. Mellissa concluded her review with the following words; â€Å"With 32GB of storage and its data and multimedia strengths, Apple's iPhone 3GS is, despite the reservations noted, one of the best smartphones you can buy for the money† (Mellissa, 2009). Mellissa’s review of iphone appeared on PC World.com in 2009. Her claims could be somewhat true during that period. However, when we compare iphone 3GS now with other smartphones available in the market, we can realize that her concluding words are not relevant now. Samsung Galaxy S2 seems to be a better option than iphone 3GS now. I tried to criticize all the positive claims of Mellissa J. Perens on about iphone in this rebuttal paper. Even though Mellissa J. Perenson mentioned some of the drawbacks of this phone at the beginning of her review, the rest of the review consists of only the positives of this phone. A reader may develop a feeling that this phone is the greatest phone arrived in the market so far. In my opinion,

AP world Review sheet Essay Example for Free

AP world Review sheet Essay It is not possible to cram for an exam covering ALL OF WORLD HISTORY. In order to properly prepare for this exam, you will need several weeks to master the content as well as the skills. The following plan will help you to manage your time and get you ready for the test. It would be best if you worked in study groups of 3-4 classmates. Prepare to spend SEVERAL HOURS each weekend reviewing the content of this course. You should have a review book to help you. Suggested study steps: 1. Before you meet with your study group: a. Read and highlight review book section for assigned period of history b. Create note cards for important terms and people c. Gather old notes PERSIAN charts for each time period and review them 2. With your study group: a. Collected and graded each Monday Complete entire packet including charts and essay outlines b. Suggested: Discuss topics listed below with study group Complete multiple choice in review book and check over incorrect responses Write one complete essay while timing yourself Units of World History: 1. Technological and Environmental Transformations (8000 BCE – 600 BCE) 2. Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies (600 BCE – 600 CE) 3. Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 CE – 1450 CE) 4. Global Interactions (1450 – 1750 CE) 5. Industrialization and Global Integration (1750 – 1900 CE) 6. Accelerating Global Change and Realignment (1900 – Present) Discussion Topics for Study Groups: 1. What are the patterns and effects of interaction among societies at this time? (trade, wars, diplomacy, international relations) 2. Discuss the relationships of change and continuity across the world in this period. 3. What is the impact of technology during this period? What is the impact of demography during this period? (population growth, decline, disease, manufacturing capabilities, agriculture, weaponry, etc.) 4. Describe the systems of social structure and gender structure (compare across societies). 5. Describe the cultural, intellectual and religious developments during this period across the world. Discuss how these ideas spread from one group to another. 6. Describe changes in functions and structures of governments and attitudes towards states and political identities, including the emergence of the nation-state (political and cultural). 7. Which civilizations are on the rise during this period? Which are in decline? Why? **How do major civilizations during this time period compare? Directions: You are to answer the following question. You should spend 5 minutes organizing or outlining your essay. Write an essay that: Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with appropriate historical evidence. Addresses all parts of the question. Makes direct, relevant comparisons. Analyzes relevant reasons for similarities and differences. For the period from 3500 BCE to 600 BCE, compare the developments of two early societies from your studies (you must choose societies from two different geographic areas). *Hint: Think PERSIAN (not the empire) Week 2 Essay: DBQ FREE RESPONSE QUESTION Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying documents 1-8. (The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise). This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents. Write an essay that: Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with evidence from the documents. Uses all of the documents. Analyzes the documents by grouping them in as many appropriate ways as possible. Does not simply summarize the documents individually. Takes into account the sources of the documents and analyzes the authors’ points of view. Identifies and explains the need for at least one additional type of document. You may refer to relevant historical information not mentioned in the documents. Using the documents, analyze Han and Roman attitudes toward technology. Identify one additional type document and explain briefly how it would help your analysis. Week 3 Essay: COMPARATIVE FREE RESPONSE QUESTION Directions: You are to answer the following question. You should spend 5 minutes organizing or outlining your essay. Write an essay that: Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with appropriate historical evidence. Addresses all parts of the question. Makes direct, relevant comparisons. Analyzes relevant reasons for similarities and differences. Analyze similarities and differences in the rise of TWO of the following empires: A West African Sudanic Empire (Ghana OR Mali OR Songhay) The Aztec Empire The Mongol Empire Week 4 Essay: CCOT FREE RESPONSE QUESTION Directions: You are to answer the following question. You should spend 5 minutes organizing or outlining your essay. Write an essay that: Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with appropriate historical evidence. Addresses all parts of the question. Uses world historical context to continuities and changes over time. Analyzes the process of continuity and change over time. Analyze the changes and continuities in commerce in the Indian Ocean region from 650 CE to 1750 CE. Week 5 Essay: CCOT FREE RESPONSE QUESTION Directions: You are to answer the following question. You should spend 5 minutes organizing or outlining your essay. Write an essay that: Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with appropriate historical evidence. Addresses all parts of the question. Uses world historical context to continuities and changes over time. Analyzes the process of continuity and change over time. Describe and explain continuities and changes in religious beliefs and practices in ONE of the following regions from 1450 to the present. Sub-Saharan Africa Latin America/Caribbean Week 6 Essay: DBQ FREE RESPONSE QUESTION Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying documents 1-10. (The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise). This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents. Write an essay that: Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with evidence from the documents. Uses all of the documents. Analyzes the documents by grouping them in as many appropriate ways as possible. Does not simply summarize the documents individually. Takes into account the sources of the documents and analyzes the authors’ points of view. Identifies and explains the need for at least one additional type of document. You may refer to relevant historical information not mentioned in the documents. Using the following documents, analyze the causes and consequences of the Green Revolution in the period from 1945 to the present. Identify and explain one additional type of document and explain how it would help your analysis of the Green Revolution. Historical Background: The Green Revolution refers to the worldwide introduction of new, scientifically bred crop varieties and intensive use of new technologies

Scouting the World Essay -- Personal Narrative Essay Example

Scouting the World It was July 2000, when it started. Colorful flags of 14 nations gently flapped under a blue Canadian sky. In a field, 1500 young people from around the world assembled in uniform for the opening ceremonies of the sixth worldwide jamboree of the Polish Scouting Organization. I was among the scouts proudly representing the USA. It was only my first "international" experience, but one that was the start of an unforgettable multicultural adventure. And standing there in that field, I felt it starting. I had not traveled far from home, but it seemed I was visiting lands from afar - France, Argentina, Australia, Poland. Talking to the scouts, being in the presence of youth from all around the globe put me in their world. Even though we were hosted by Canadians, Polish was the indispensable language of communication at this jamboree. Yes, among our friends we used our own language, but when we spoke to the other scouts, the Polish Austalians, Polish Danes, Polish Germans, there was only one language to use, one we all shared - Polish. For two weeks we bonded through both the scouting experience and our Polish heritage. We discovered that in many ways, we were the same and yet there was a distinct flavor to each nation's group, revealing its cultural individuality - be it in song, verbal expressions, or in just the way they interacted with each other. I was amazed at how comfortable I felt in this setting and it sparked my desire - I wanted to experience it more. In two weeks, I formed lifetime friendships that crossed many countries' borders and since then, we have been exchanging letters. Later that summer, I was lucky to travel to Rome for the World Youth Day 2000 whe... ...chool students from across the world came together to share ideas and interact socially. I was thrilled when my project won awards in this distinguished fair, but especially touched because it was for a subject close to my heart. It is hard to believe that my yearlong multicultural odyssey, which started on that sunny Canadian field, ended at an international science fair. Meeting so many young people from around the globe made me gain a fresh perspective of my own cultural experience, as well as that of others. It opened my eyes, and I learned that we each have our own unique cultural identity, which is constantly being shaped and hopefully, enriched. Such cross-cultural encounters inspire an appreciation of diversity, strengthening a real human connection we all share, and how significant a lesson that is for me, at only 17 years of age, to have learned.

Overview of SQUARE pharmaceuticals LTD Essay

Introduction: Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (SPL) has been the trendsetter in Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Market since its inception in 1958. Over the last decade SPL actually rose to a new standard moving beyond manufacturing quality medicines to win mindshare of patients, physicians, shareholders, business partners, and communities where we work and live. Our dedication to add more value to the common wealth of the society compounded by innovative strategies for growth and diversification, pioneering role in bringing new technology and implementing new ideas, and commitment for total quality management distills the glory of our success. Today SPL is not merely a market leader. Most of the products that it actively markets enjoy leadership position demonstrating incomparable trust of the healthcare professionals. Today SPL is ready to face the challenge of scarce sourcing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) in the post-WTO era, with its advanced a manufacturing capability. SPL is one of the first companies to have an extensively computerized and automate working environment connecting every corner of the country to the centre. Productivity through connectivity is one of our heritages of progress. SPL is the first company to go beyond the national boundary, exporting its quality products in overseas markets in Asia Africa, and Europe. More than that, SPL has probably fulfilled a national aspiration of turning a once import dependent country into an exporter of quality medicines. We believe, with our technological and managerial know-how and ability to take on challenges, we will be able to progress much faster towards our objective of becoming the nation’s most Visionary Company Objectives: Our main objective is to prepare this project to know about the organization. We try to focus on the project SWOT analysis, potter five forces, organization design in Square Pharmaceutical Ltd. Scope: Our assignment is only document basis so we have not opportunity to take interview, survey and make observation. As it is a report about an  organization so we have opportunity to collect data by reading documents from their web sites. Methodology: To complete our project and reach in a decision we some methods. To collect information we search internet, read newspaper, and utilize our personal observation. ABOUT COMPANY: Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. is a leading edge pharmaceutical company based in Dhaka, Bangladesh and is acclaimed for its outstanding product quality, world-class manufacturing facilities, product development capabilities and outstanding professional services. SQUARE today symbolizes a name – a state of mind. But its journey to the growth and prosperity has been no bed of roses. From the inception in 1958, it has today burgeoned into one of the top line conglomerates in Bangladesh. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., the flagship company, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player. Historical Background of Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited is the largest pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh and it has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. It was established in 1958 and converted into a public limited company in 1991. 1958: Debut of SQUARE Parma as a Partnership Firm. 1964: Converted into a Private Limited Company. 1985: Achieved market-leadership in the pharmaceutical market of Bangladesh among all national and multinational companies. 1987: Pioneer in pharmaceutical export from Bangladesh. 1991: Converted into a Public Limited Company 1997: Won the National Export trophy for exporting pharmaceuticals. 1998: Agro-chemicals & Veterinary Products division of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals starts its operation. 2001: US FDA/UK MCA standard new pharmaceutical factory goes into operation built under the supervision of Bevis Lend Lease, UK. 2005: New State-of-the-Art SQUARE Cephalosporin’s Ltd. goes into operation; built under the supervision of TELSTAR S.A. of Spain as per US FDA/ UK MHRA requirements. 2007: SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka Unit gets the UK MHRA approval. 2012: SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Dhaka Unit and SQUARE Cephalosporin’s Ltd. get the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) of Australia approval. Mission: Our Mission is to produce and provide quality & innovative healthcare relief for people, maintain stringently ethical standard in business operation also ensuring benefit to the Shareholders, stakeholders and the society at large. Visions: We view business as a means to the material and social wellbeing of the investors, employees and the society at large, leading to accretion of wealth through financial and moral gains as a part of the process of the human civilization. Objective: Our objectives are to conduct transparent business operation based on market mechanism within the legal & social framework with aims to attain the mission reflected by our vision. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large. SQUARE’s activity goes well beyond the sphere of business. As socially conscious and responsible corporate body SQUARE is committed to the improvement of the society as a whole. SQUARE helps many NGO’s in their effort to make available healthcare to the disadvantage population of the country. SQUARE is also a major sponsor of sporting events in the country. Organization Design: The Board of Directors is responsible for the strategic planning and overall policy guidelines of the bank. Besides, there is an audit committee in the Board to oversee compliance of major regulatory and operational issues. The CEO& MD, Deputy MD and group executives are responsible for  achieving business goals and overseeing the day to day operations. The CEO and MD assisted by a senior management group supervise operation of various decisions centrally and coordinate operation of branches. There is also a management committee comprising member of the senior executive headed by CEO and MD to look into all operational function and risk management of the bank. The workflow of the organizational structure is given in the figure below: 1. Work specialization 2. Departmentalization 3. Span of control 4. Chain of command 5. Centralization & Decentralization 6. Formalization Work specialization: Work specialization, which is dividing work activities into separate job task. Individual employees specialize in doing part of an activity rather than the entire activity in order to increase work output. It’s also known as division of labor. There are some work specialists in SPL. Research and Development Information Technology Human Resource Supply Chain Marketing Customer Development Business to Business Finance Department Departmentalization: Grouping jobs together is called departmentalization. Departmentalization and Division of labor is the same thing. Each and every organization follows some common forms of departmentalization. The five common forms of departmentalization are: Functional Departmentalization Geographical Departmentalization Product Departmentalization Process Departmentalization Customer Departmentalization Functional departmentalization: Groups jobs according to function. For instance it has the departments for marketing, accounting and finance, human resource and management information system separately. All the departments together form functional departmentalization under managing director Geographical Departmentalization: Groups Jobs according to Geographic region. Square distributes its products all over the country using its own distribution channel. It has a large number of vehicles and sales depots to ensure coverage of the whole country. Its coverage is the best in the country. Product Departmentalization: Groups jobs by product line. Process Departmentalization: In every distribution channel certain type of process is obtained to maintain the customer flow.. To show the way of working of Square Pharma Ltd. under process departmentalization, a diagram is presented below. Customer departmentalization: Groups on the basis of specific and unique customers. SPL has several product lines; the tasks are definitely different to serve the customer of individual product line. Customers’ needs and problems differ from one product line to another. Research and Development: This department brings ideas to improve and introduce their brands as well. Information Technology: The managers of this department find the new technologies available and use. This technology to drive competitive advantage. Human Resource Department: Managers of this dept use to drive the employees in a disciplined manner to achieve organizational goal. Here they also motivate the employees to the fullest possible extent. Customer Development: Building relationship with customer and maintain the relation is important job for any organization that and is done by the managers of this departments. This department also tries to find needs and wants of the customers. Supply Chain Department: After production how products should be distributed to the supplier- wholesalers, retailer or what would be the chain of supply of the products from production till sales to the final consumer is totally operated by this department. Marketing Department: Managers of Marketing department tries to create values of their brands to the customer by taking various steps like- promotion, advertisement, free distribution and so on. Finance Department: The vital role is played by finance department these departments develop plans for their financial activities and also prepare the budget for the coming fiscal year. Span of Control: How a manager can efficiently and effectively manage his subordinates is called span of control. In case of SPL, they strong span of control as a result they gain market leadership as well as their progress increasing. Formalization: SPL is a highly formalized organization; there are explicit job descriptions, numerous organizational rules, and clearly defined procedures covering work process. All employees have to follow guided rules and procedures in SPL. SWOT Analysis of the SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Ltd. The overall evaluation of a company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats is called SWOT analysis. In general, a business unit has to monitor key macro environment forces (demographic- economic, technological, political-legal, and social-cultural) and significant microenvironment actors (customers, competitors, distributors, suppliers) that affect its  ability to earn profits. The business unit should set up a marketing intelligence system to track tends and important developments. For each trend or development, management needs to identify the associated opportunities and threats . Strengths: Recognizes as a global company. Brand value Strong brand portfolio. Strong relationship with retailers. Economies of scale. Largest organizations Advanced technology Well skilled professionals Good distribution network all over world Square Pharmaceuticals provided creative strategies Strong marketing and good image creation Wide distribution channels in both national and internal markets Decentralized decision-making. Weaknesses: Dual leadership Not connecting with customers. Inefficient management of brands. Focus on short term strategy High cost of restructuring Hard to manage and control company structure High cost limit promotions in company Opportunities: Changing consumer’s preference Increasing need for several diseases Rural areas are a large prospective market Employing external job applicants Gain high market share Introducing new distribution channel Promote its products in new geographic areas Customer base is increasing with effective marketing Take advantage of the changes of technology Population expanding at a rapid rate Low income consumers Threats: The threats of the pharmaceutical industry are the analysis of the external industry components that could create an opportunity for the SPL to decline, atrophy or lose some competitive edge. For example, the pharmaceutical industry’s threats could include increased government regulation, a declining economy, increasing research and development (R&D) costs or a decrease in the global population. The threats of SPL are discussed below. Product innovation is ineffective The high competition for market share increases rapidly Changes of people’s perception Political and Economic factors Increasing social awareness in society Unfavorable conditions Acquisition decision Lack of proper knowledge in medicine Industry Analysis: Is a vital part of the decision making process in business? Industry Analysis helps investor to take decision. Industry Analysis also helps entrepreneurs to iron out the wrinkles in their business plans. Michael Porter has identified five forces that are widely used to assets the structure of any industry. Porter’s five forces are: Threat of new entrants Threat of substitutes Bargaining power of buyers Bargaining power of Suppliers Current rivalry Threat of new entrants: Pharma industry is one of the most easily accessible industries for an entrepreneur in Bangladesh. The capital requirement for the industry is very low; creating a regional distribution network is easy, since the point of sales is restricted in this industry in Bangladesh. Economies of scale: Square pharma can easily produce based on economies of scale but it is quite difficult to new entrants for produce based on economies of scale First mover advantage:  It was established in 1958 and converted into a public limited company in 1991.First mover advantage is part of the standard lore of the I-Cubed Economy. It means that the first company into a market generally wins. Access to channels of distribution and relationship: The Square pharma is a large pharmaceutical company in our country so they have large distribution channel and good relationship with the retailers. Distribution Channel at a Glance: Threat of substitute Products: This is one of the great advantages of the pharma industry. Whatever happens, demand for pharma products continues and the industry thrives. One of the key reasons for high competitiveness in the industry is that as an ongoing concern, pharma industry seems to have an infinite future. However, in recent times, the advances made in the field of biotechnology, can prove to be a threat to the synthetic pharma industry. Bargaining power of buyers: The unique feature of pharma industry is that the end user of the product is different from the influencer. The consumer has no choice but to buy what doctor says. However, when we look at the buyer’s power, we look at the influence they have on the prices of the product. In pharma industry, the buyers are scattered and they as such does not wield much power in the pricing of the products. However, government with its policies plays an important role in regulating pricing through the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority. Price Sensitivity: Square pharma is produced the pharmaceutical products which are undifferentiated product and there are few switching cost. Relative Bargaining Power: Two factors related to the relative bargaining power †¢Number of buyer: The buyers bargaining power is determined by the number of buyer relative to the number of suppliers. †¢Volume per buyer: It is determined by volume of purchase by single buyer. The number of buyer of Square pharma is a single buyer with several alternative suppliers. Bargaining power of Suppliers: The pharma industry depends upon several organic chemicals. The chemical industry is again very competitive and fragmented. The chemicals used in the pharma industry are largely a commodity. The suppliers have very low bargaining power and the companies in the pharma in dusty can switch from their suppliers without incurring a very high cost. However, what can happen is that the supplier can go for forward integration to become a pharma company. Companies like Orchid Chemicals and Sasha Chemicals were basically chemical companies, who turned themselves into pharmaceutical companies. In case of Square pharma there is low bargaining powers of supplier Current revelry: Concentration and Balance Competitors: The number of firms in an industry and their relative sizes determine the degree of concentration. Lots of similar size and strong competitor exist in the market and price competition is likely to be harsh. So square pharma product price is competitive. Degree of differentiation and switching cost: Product differentiation is not the driver, cost competitiveness is. However, companies like Square pharma have created big brands in over the years, which act as product differentiation tools. Excess Capacity and Exit barrier: It is quit impractical for square pharma or other firms to exit from this  industry because of they cannot use those machineries in other purpose. Also here some rules and regulation exist no one cannot easily exist from this industry. Recommendation: Quality and control: According to international standard square pharmaceuticals ltd. Should maintain their product quality Local market share: At present in Bangladesh square pharmaceuticals is the market leader in pharmaceutical sector. Its followers and competitors always try to increase their percentage of market share. So square pharma concentrate more to increase his market share Dynamic sales strategies: Due to the customer complaint and the lack of guidelines to prevent untrained sales staff from serving customers, we recommended that square pharma should take dynamic sales strategies for higher customer satisfaction. Foreign market: Though SPL captured Asia, Africa, Middle East pharmaceutical market but the Europe market till now un-captured. So square pharma should concentrate more in Europe market. Conclusion: In finally, I can say that Square Pharmaceuticals Limited play an important for economic development of the country after creating job opportunities, and earning profits as well. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited is the largest pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh and it has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_Pharmaceuticals http://www.squarepharma.com.bd/index.php http://www.scribd.com http://www.managementstudyguide.com/swot-analysis.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_five_forces_analysis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departmentalization Books: Management-10th-Edition-Stephen P.Robbins & Mary Coulter

Primate Society and Human Society Essay

The present paper is intended to discuss the similarities between the social behaviors of baboons and humans according to the book â€Å"Almost Human† by Shirley Strum. The first manifestation of social behavior Shirley Strum noticed is threat signals the animals convey when a newcomer appears (Strum, 1987, p. 24). Furthermore, as the newcomer approaches, juveniles and adult females circle around him and carefully examine him. The animals introduce themselves in an interesting way: â€Å"A female â€Å"presents† to a male when she approaches and turns her bottom toward his face; then the male will generally sniff her to see if she is sexually receptive. Two males can also present to each other with no sexual intention at all, and the same greeting is frequently exchanged by females, juveniles and even babies when they can manage it. † (Strum, 1987, p. 25). In several days upon the arrival of the newcomer, he remains an outcast, yet the other tribe members keep their eyes on each movement he makes. When a female comes closely to a male, the latter narrows his eyes, shakes head and smacks his lips – this physical manifestation is quite common among baboons. However, if the male is not considered â€Å"popular† in the group of animals, the female might simply flee without introducing herself, – then male continues grimacing as described above and accompanies the grim with soft grunting. The couple play this game for quite a long time – the female approaches and then quickly distracts and escapes, whereas the male continues to exhibit his â€Å"infatuation†. Such social â€Å"games† are played between men and women in our society. For instance, when a woman presents herself to a man, she smiles and shakes hands with him. They also verbally exchange their introductory information – name, occupation, hobbies. At the same time, the man, who considers marriage or searches for a sex partner, processes the information about the woman’s appearance and . If he is attracted to the woman, he begins to make slight hints and social gestures – e. g. , he might distinguish her amongst his friends and become more sincere, invite her to a theatre, cinema or dinner, give her gifts and flowers and so forth. However, if the woman notices the man has low social position or does not meet her social requirements, she is likely to lose interest in his â€Å"candidacy†. However, if the man persists and manages to present his interest as genuine and stable, the intimate relationship might begin. Human and baboon behaviors in cross-gender relationships are quite similar. Primarily, baboons present themselves to one another in order to learn more about a stranger; similarly, humans introduce themselves both verbally and through smiling, shaking hands. This introductory stage allows gathering the basic information and determining the primary sources of threat in the â€Å"interlocutor† (e. g. , contagious disease, among humans – armor etc). Among humans, smile acts as a sign of the person’s peaceful intentions, as humans are less proficient in the use and understanding of body language. Further, as a female baboon approaches the male and gives him an opportunity to inhale her odor, she shows to him that she is sexually mature and can have intimate contact. Moreover, such close introduction allows the male to examine her appearance, or â€Å"beauty† – this factor is extremely important, given that â€Å"beauty† in primate groups is associated with physical health and fitness. The healthier the female is the stronger progeny she can bear and the fewer problems with bearing and birth she will experience. Similarly, human males assess the female during the first seconds of encounter, – in particular, they pay attention to such criteria as age, physical beauty and erudition, as they half-consciously select (not always intentionally) a potential sexual partner or spouse and subconsciously believe younger (to reasonable degree, but generally younger in comparison to the male), smarter and more gorgeous women are fitter and better prepared for life in this society. Female baboons show their bottoms when they seek to lure a male, perhaps because appropriate building of this body part serves as a proof of the female’s sexual maturity and health. Human females, who wish to look â€Å"attractive†, also demonstrate their bodies, not necessarily naked, but always underlined by stylish clothes, make-up and accessories. After evaluating the female and determining whether she fits his criteria of physical development and appearance, the male baboon himself seeks to attract the female by displaying his interest and showing his own fitness and strength. Similarly to the primate society, among humans, there is also a behavioral pattern which consists in male’s responsibility for making the first step towards a stable relationship (e. g. inviting the woman he is infatuated with to a dinner, entertaining her, paying a lot of attention to her personality). If the female baboon realizes that male is outcast, she will continue ignoring him for some time, as the fittest males, whose inheritance will be most favorable to the future progeny in terms of survival, are normally popular in the tribe and have a high degree of authority. Furthermore, popular member of the tribe is more capable of providing for his female when she is consumed by â€Å"childcare†. Like female baboons, women become quite suspicious when meeting social outcasts or men of lower social status, who are potentially less likely to meet the needs of the family after the baby appears. However, in both societies, if the male manages to prove his dependability and keeps attending to the female for a long time, the latter might change her mind and find him eligible. As one can assume, human social behavior in cross-gender relationships is driven largely by instincts exhibited by primates. The factors humans and primates consider when selecting a sexual partner are in many cases the same, as males of both groups first and foremost evaluate physical fitness, whereas females in both baboon and human societies make a more complex analysis and also look at the male’s social position envisioning the necessity of taking care of defenseless and dependent progeny (or children). Both humans and animals are greatly concerned about the physical characteristics of the next generation, which partially backs Darwin’s theory of the survival of the fittest and the inborn striving for the survival of the species.

Tips for Building Better Work Relationships

Tips for Building Better Work Relationships Better work relations can make going to work a pleasurable experience no matter where you are in your current career path. Even if you already love the job that you do, improving the relationships with others around you will increase both your personal and professional level of fulfillment. These six tips will help you in building better work relationships. 1. Positive Body LanguageSmile, stand up straight, and look people in the eye. Show interest and be engaged when you are communicating with others instead of simultaneously checking your email when they are talking to you. According to psychologist Albert Mehrabian, 93% of our communication is non-verbal, so make sure that you display a friendly demeanor and have approachable body language.2. SocializeSocializing doesn’t have to mean going to happy hour every Friday with your coworkers, but you do need to participate in company events. Take your boss up on that lunch invitation, even if it means you will be working a little bit later that day. Being an active participant shows interest and investment in your company.3. Be Helpful to EveryonePleasing your boss and clients are important, but extending yourself beyond your department is also an important part of building work relationships outside your current network. If you have a slow day, reach out to someone in another department that you don’t come in day to day contact with to see if they could use your help.4. Avoid GossipAvoiding bad habits is just as important as having good ones. Do not partake in activities that revolve around negative comments and behaviors towards others. Spreading rumors is unkind and will also give you a reputation as untrustworthy, making it difficult to build relationships.5. Be HonestHonesty is the foundation of any good relationship including ones with your coworkers, supervisors, and clients. Inevitably you will be asked to perform a task you don’t know how to do. Just make sure you tell your client or supervisor that you will research it and get back to them, but don’t give them information that is not correct. If you cannot make a deadline, then always be upfront instead of making promises you know will be almost impossible for you to follow through on. You will gain a lot of respect from others if you are an honest person they can depend on.6. Be GraciousCarry out all of your tasks graciously. Asking someone for help on something can be a difficult thing for many people. When someone reaches out to you, and you agree to assist them, do so graciously. If you have a negative attitude towards helping someone, they will pick up on it. It will not only make them sorry that they reached out to you, but it will also steer others away from you.Final ThoughtsBuilding better work relationships is a balance between verbal and non-verbal communication that requires you to invest your time in yourself and others. According to Anthony Robbins, â€Å"The way we communicate with others and with ourselves ultimately determines the quality of our lives.† The investment you make will give you and others around you tons of personal fulfillment, besides creating a reputation for yourself that makes your coworkers, clients, and supervisors come to you for anything they need.

The Little Prince Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Little Prince - Essay Example Moreover, the paper aims to evaluate how this particular theme works in our lives. The Little Prince explains how material things make a difference in people’s views and attitudes. In Chapter IV of the novel, it was observed that the Turkish astronomer was ignored despite of presenting his discovery of Asteroid B 612 for the fact that he wore traditional Turkish dress. However, the same person is given a lot of importance and appraisal when he presents his discovery in the European dressing. The narrow-minded and materialistic people accepted the success only when the astronomer followed their limited approach of measuring the success i.e. by appearance, dressing and presentation. This theme of the novel really applies to our lives these days. People argue about equality, rights and equal opportunities, still they lack far behind what is required. The narrow-mindedness of many people is still a hurdle for most of the women to progress. The materialistic approach still limits people from viewing the reality behind the faces. Money-oriented people are still w elcomed and respected regardless of their deeds and wrongful acts. The novel accuses adults for being narrow-minded, materialist, cold, selfish, mean and unimaginative. The writer clearly distinguishes between the views of children and adults about the world in the 1st chapter. Author characterizes children as true, honest, innocent, lively and imaginative creatures who do not give importance to how things look and what benefits them. As the story begins, the writer starts criticizing adults for being unimaginative and materialists who ignore the beauty of life and world for the sake of money, status, power, fame etc. This indirect criticism can be observed when the writer explains how unimaginative grownups are to observe his Drawing Number One which represented a boa constrictor eating an elephant, like anything except a hat. The story goes on and the

Josph Listr guru of surgry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Josph Listr guru of surgry - Essay Example JosÐ µph ListÐ µr wÐ °s born Ð °t Upton, ЕnglÐ °nd, in 1827, whÐ µrÐ µ hÐ µ hÐ °d rÐ µcÐ µivÐ µd his gÐ µnÐ µrÐ °l Ð µducÐ °tion Ð °t thÐ µ UnivÐ µrsity of London. Ð ftÐ µr studying in London Ð °nd Еdinburgh hÐ µ bÐ µcÐ °mÐ µ Ð ° fÐ °mous lÐ µcturÐ µr in surgÐ µry Ð °t thÐ µ UnivÐ µrsity. JosÐ µph ListÐ µr focusÐ µd Ð ° lot on thÐ µ works of othÐ µr prominÐ µnt sciÐ µntists to find Ð ° proof thÐ °t infÐ µctions wÐ µrÐ µ not cÐ °usÐ µd by Ð ° chÐ µmicÐ °l rÐ µÃ °ction, or Ð °n oxidÐ °tion, thÐ °t took plÐ °cÐ µ Ð µvÐ µry timÐ µ thÐ µ oxygÐ µn wÐ °s rÐ µÃ °cting with thÐ µ Ð °ir. "HospitÐ °lism", Ð °s thÐ µ disÐ µÃ °sÐ µs sÐ µpticÐ µmiÐ °, Ð µrysipÐ µlÐ °s, Ð °nd pyÐ µmiÐ ° bÐ µgÐ °n to collÐ µctivÐ µly bÐ µ known wÐ °s thÐ µ root of thÐ µ ovÐ µrwhÐ µlming mortÐ °lity rÐ °tÐ µ in thÐ µ hospitÐ °l sÐ µtting (WÐ µbÐ µr, 2000). ThÐ µ quÐ µstion thÐ °t wÐ °s on ListÐ µr mind wÐ °s Ð °bout thÐ µ sÐ µpsis thÐ °t following compound frÐ °cturÐ µs, Ð ° frÐ °cturÐ µ in which thÐ µ skin is brokÐ µn Ð °nd thÐ µ bonÐ µ Ð µxposÐ µd thÐ °t rÐ µsultÐ µd into high mortÐ °lity rÐ °tÐ µ, Ð µspÐ µciÐ °lly whÐ µn thÐ µ individuÐ °l Ð °ftÐ µr thÐ µ surgÐ µry stÐ °yÐ µd in thÐ µ hospitÐ °l. SomÐ µhow ListÐ µr knÐ µw thÐ °t hÐ µ hÐ °d to kÐ µÃ µp thÐ µ wound frÐ µÃ µ of thÐ µ microbÐ µs thÐ °t wÐ µrÐ µ cÐ °using thÐ µ infÐ µctions, Ð °nd hÐ µ wÐ °s Ð °wÐ °rÐ µ of CÐ °rbolic Ð cid, which wÐ °s mÐ °inly usÐ µd to gÐ µt rid of odors Ð °ftÐ µr sÐ µwÐ °gÐ µ. Not long Ð °ftÐ µr, CÐ °rbolic Ð cid wÐ °s usÐ µd on Ð ° smÐ °ll boy with Ð ° compound frÐ °cturÐ µ of his lÐ µg, whÐ µrÐ µ thÐ µ wound did not suppurÐ °tÐ µ following surgÐ µry Ð °nd thÐ µ only pÐ °in wÐ °s thÐ °t thÐ µ Ð °cid wÐ °s burning thÐ µ boy’s skin. ... Only ftr nlyzing Pstur's rsrch, Listr cm to th conclusion tht th formtion of pus ws du to bctri; Listr nvr stoppd dvloping his ntisptic surgicl mthods. Ltr on this invntion ws rnkd s on of th grt discovris of th g, bcus du to immdit succss of th nw trtmnt, it ws doptd vrywhr. In 1865 Listr introducd his ntisptic systm in such wy, tht h did not nd much tim to convinc th rst of th world to ccpt it. Of cours, ltr on, mny scintists will sy tht on of th mjor fctors tht ld to such succssful invntion ws th dvlopmnt of th grm thory of diss nd bctriology in th priod 1857-1885 by Pstur, Koch, nd othr scintists, which, in this cs, lrdy ws rvolution tht ld to th rvolution in surgry. This intrict combintion of thory nd prctic somtims is xtrmly complictd, but onc succssful cn ld to rvolution in nturl scincs. Listr's first ppr on th ntisptic mthod, publishd in th Lnct in rly 1867, dlt with trils of th mthod in ptints with compound frcturs, nd includd prliminry rport on its prvntion of scondry infction whn drining tubrculr bscsss (Listr,1867). Th rsults turnd out to b vry striking: complictions occur mor frquntly in css of inflmmtion nd bscss nithr in th wound nor from gnrl spsis. On th 21 of Sptmbr 1867 scond ppr on th ntisptic mthod pprd in both th British Mdicl Journl nd th Lnct. Listr's work ws th first convincing ppliction of th grm thory to th control of humn diss, nd s such it spurrd grt progrss in surgry nd othr filds. Thr is no instnc in th history of surgry, nd indd fw in th history of scinc, in which dduction hs bn so compltly vrifid whn put to th tst (Listr, 1909). Ltr on h dscribs th mthod tht h usd. I hv so ltly givn lswhr dtild ccount of th mthod by which this is ffctd (Lnct, 1867), tht I shll not ntr into it t prsnt furthr thn to sy tht th mns mployd r

Efficient Markets Theory and Behavioural Finance Essay

Efficient Markets Theory and Behavioural Finance - Essay Example In this theory, therefore, assumptions are done perpetuating that the information organisation and the behaviour of market participants systematically control individuals’ decisions in investment and the outcomes of the market. According to (Malkiel, 2003) the efficient market theory, has implications of theoretical perspectives to the market trends, while it ignores or underestimates the practical perception of the market. On the other hand, the behavioural finance theory has been thought of being more practical based and focused on people’s behaviour (Ashta & Patil, 2007). Following the event of the financial crises in 2007 to 2010, contention has developed amongst various authors on its implication to the popularity of the already criticised efficient markets theory and its contribution to the upsurge of the prevailing interest in behavioural finance theory. This paper compares and contrasts the explanations of efficient market theory and behavioural finance with reg ard to the financial crisis 2007 to 2010 and identifies the explanation considered to be strongest. The efficient market theory upholds the notion of the randomness in stock prices, based on short-run serial relationships amid successive changes in stock prices (Malkiel, 2003). Such was the case in the year 2001 when the US economy experienced a recession, followed by a boom that led to the dotcom bubble, and accounting scandals. The behavioural market theory regarded such occurrences in a different way from that of the efficient market theory, in that, the fears in individuals’ mind of a recession were considerable. Therefore, in regard to the recession in 2001 being disregarded, the stock market was thought of as not having a memory of the way the price of a stock behaved in the past, so as to determine its future behaviour. The randomness inefficient market theory is questionable, due to the high frequencies with which successive moves towards the same direction occurred in the period of 2001 and 2003 when subprime mortgage grew from 2001 to 2005.  Ã‚  

Army Overseer Tells of Ouster over KBR Stir Essay

Army Overseer Tells of Ouster over KBR Stir - Essay Example According to this article, conflict between the KBR and American Army a rose when Mr. Smith an Army official failed to approve KBR payments claiming that the expenses were not justified. This article highlights that the conflict between American Army and KBR would pose impacts on society. KBR put it that if the government failed to pay the debt, it will no longer provide services. If this happened, American troops will not be able to fight their opponent hence the society will run out of protection (Army, 6/17/2008). On the other hand, if Mr. Smith had approved payments for goods and services that were never supplied it would have been a misappropriation of tax payers efforts. Considering the fact that this army official was holding a public office, he was right to protect misuse of public funds through halting these payments. His actions, although might have some negative impacts on the war, were ethical. The role of KBR Company in the business field is to provide American troops wi th essential services such as housing, food among others during the time of war. The case in this article can be regard as a market failure simply because KBR lacked knowledgeable auditors who could keep proper records. Further more, if the KBR Company was serious in its business it would have met the customer’s needs by providing the US troops with all that they had been contracted to supply. The government might have failed to some extend in its tendering policy because in order to award such a sensitive tender they should have scrutinized the bidding company to ascertain its credibility. This should have involved the analysis of KBR’S performance in the past and its capital to determine whether it could afford to finance those supplies of goods and services. The government has a role to ensure that the American troops access credible services from KBR. The government failed to ensure that KBR provided quality services. It must have auditors who could audit what has been spent on the troops. The policy that the Army or the government should hire external auditors on their operations ought to be changed because it does not portray an aspect of integrity. KBR lacked evidence that the amount due payment was genuine because it does not have credible records of its expenditure (Army, 6/17/2008). The government should also check on its tendering policy which had led to picking such a company for the supplies. The kind of policy that should be formulated for such situations should be able to evaluate suppliers before warding those sensitive responsibilities. On the other hand, the government should lay down strategies that would see suppliers who fail to adhere to their contracts, compensating for any inconveniences caused. In this way, suppliers who enter into contracts with any arm of the government would be afraid of such consequences and hence fulfill such contracts in time. Groups Sue after E.P.A fails to shift Ozone Rules This article focuses on the Obama administration and the Ozone rules. It is an amusing article in that it highlights the rejection of the proposed new standard by President Obama and his administration. According to this article, the Ozone rule set by the President Bush was 75 parts per billion. Lisa P. Jackson wanted to shift the standard from75 parts per billion to 70 parts per billion mainly to reduce risks on people health. Earth justice, the natural Resource defense, the Environmental

Health and Safety in the Workplace: Importance

Health and Safety in the Workplace: Importance Introduction Human resources are one of the most important features of many businesses. A business success relies heavily on the effectiveness to which this resource is managed. Policies and practices used by the firm, set out the standards to which they seek to aspire. They are designed to govern the operation of the business; especially in todays economy where there is such a rise in service industries (Biz/ed, 2010). This topic is of importance to us because it has proven to be a neglected field in todays corporate world; especially in Grenada. In this regard, this paper seek to highlight the importance of Workplace Health and safety to the business, to develop an understanding of how its effective management can affect the performance of a business, outline how this can be effectively carried out with the interest of the company in mind. It is often said that, the health of a nation is the wealth of a nation (Fraser, 2004), the same concept applies to business. The health and safety of a companys human resource is an enormous contributor to the success of that business. Human resources account for a large proportion of many companys costs; it is the people that invariably drive a business (Biz/ed, 2010) According to the Bureau Veritas, Workplace Health and Safety refers to, the evaluation of risks relating to the health and safety of an organizations workers and others (including the public) who may be affected by its activities (Bureau Veritas, 2007). Who establish workplace health and safety? The health and safety of a workplace is established through different sources. Firstly, on a national level occupational health and safety is instituted in accordance with legal regulations that were created by legislative decisions and is enforced and monitored by agencies such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), for the U.S., and the Ministry of Labour in Grenada. OSHA, an agency of the U.S. Department of Labour, has the responsibility of assuring the safety and health of Americas workers by setting and enforcing standards; providing training, outreach and education; establishing partnerships; and encouraging (OSHA, n.d.). On a national and/or on a company level there are also instances of regular inspections by a safety representative. This can be self requested or legally mandated. This is done to ensure that companies follow the stipulated guidelines that are set to govern the safety and health of the workplace. Also, from a corporate standpoint, the health and safety standards of the company can be establish by the declaration of it in the Companys general worker manual and/or in the separate manual set aside for clearly laying out, the standards by which the company seek to keep its work environment and the people that use it safe and healthy. A more informal, but still an effective method is employee observation. This is simply employees reporting hazards that go unnoticed to the inspection representative and/or management. These options are in place to ensure accordance of a company to monitor and control the health and safety of the workplace, and to maintain it. In-adherence of regulations set by the above regulatory bodies can result in an employer being fined or sentenced to jail time (Cascio, 1998). Reasons for Maintaining Workplace Health and Safety There are reasons why a business should maintain a safe and healthy workplace. It purges the environment of possible risks to everyone that uses the facility. An organizations productivity is directly related to the health and safety of its workforce. Therefore, proper health and safety practices safeguard the productivity of its employees. When the workforce is unhealthy it affects productivity; quantity and quality. Proper practices maintain the health of the workers and it protects human rights; the human right to a safe and healthy environment and the human right to a safe and healthy workplace (PDHRE, n.d.) A major reason for maintaining health and safety in the workplace is that failure to do so cost too much. The consequences of not up keeping proper health and safety practices can range from having expensive monetary payouts, to death (users of the workplace). Other repercussions are Lower productivity levels sick or injured worker do not produce the same quality and quantity as do health workers. Poor quality products and services the direct relation between quality of workforce and quality of products or service they produce. High levels of complaints from customers lower quality of products or services delivered to customers would make them unhappy. Loss of customers and subsequently lower revenues if the quality of the production isnt addressed it can result in a loss in the customer base and later loss in revenues because of lower sales. Higher costs this increase in cost can come from different sources including: payment of insurance claims for damages, cost of substitution for sick or injured workers (training and wages), and benefits for sick or injured workers. Higher staff turnover as persons get sick or injured on the job they tend to leave. If the health and safety practices of the workplace are dreadful employees would not stay therefore higher turnover. Poor industrial relations poor health and safety practices would attract attention from unions who fight for the rights of employees. Thus, addressing safety and health issues in the workplace saves the employer money and adds value to the business (OSHA, n.d.). When workers remain safe and healthy, the direct cost-savings to businesses include: lower workers compensation insurance costs reduced medical expenditures smaller expenditures for return-to-work programs fewer faulty products lower costs for job accommodations for injured workers less money spent for overtime benefits Safety and health also result in substantial decreases in indirect cost (OSHA, n.d.). This is as a result of: increased productivity higher quality products increased morale better labour/management relations reduced turnover better use of human resources Employees and their families benefit from safety and health because (OSHA, n.d.): their incomes are protected; no financial shock because of illness or injury their family lives are not hampered by injury; no loss of income destabilization because of illness and injury they have less stress; because of a com Workplace health and safety extend way beyond the boundaries of the worksite. The families of workers and other users of the worksite can also be impacted by health and safety in the workplace (OSHA, n.d.). It is of a misconception that health and safety in the workplace only entails ensuring that there arent any hazards on the worksite however it should be noted that the hazard can be the employees themselves. Employees who are sick (communicable/non communicable), who have a drug or alcohol problem, who have psychological problems can also pose great threat to the health and safety of others in the workplace. Violent employees can also be classified as a hazard (Cascio, 1998). In this regard testing of the individual together with the worksite is necessary; drug and alcohol testing, psychological tests etc. Whose responsibility is it? The health and safety of a workplace should be part of the business HR strategy. It should be an initiative that is deeply rooted into the culture of a business. No one person should be responsible for it. Given this, all employees, supervisors and managers should undergo training in this area to suit their position. Managers especially should possess an attitude that support good health and safety practices because it is usually mirrored by employees; if the manager care about health and safety, the employees will do too (OSHA, n.d.). Both the employer and the employee are responsible for ensuring that the workplace is healthy and safe for all users. Employers are legally obligated to maintain and provide a working environment that is conducive for comfortable operations. They also have to provide safe systems of work and facilities that would sustain the welfare of its employees. They are also responsible for providing employees with any information, instruction, training and/or supervision that is needed to ensure that workers are safe during operations no matter the job. As a result of this responsibility to ensure employees are safe at work, an employer may institute regulations and policies that would call for the attention from and compliance of employees (Directgov, 2010). Employees are also expected to play a part in ensuring proper health and safety of the workplace. They are to make certain their own personal health and safety and that of other persons in the workplace; whether colleague, customer, supplier, etc. Importantly, workers are expected to adhere to the directions given by management to guarantee health and safety. If workers are to ignore these directives it creates a hazard in the workplace not only for themselves but also for others (Directgov, 2010). Effective management of the resource Each workplace is different and dynamic. Therefore the strategy used to effectively manage the human resource should also be different and dynamic. This strategy should include clear and concise plans for the addressing the types of accidents that and exposing the health and safety hazards that could occur at the worksite (OSHA, n.d.). An effective plan, as based upon the safety and health program management guidelines given by OSHA in January 1989 is the Four Point workplace Program. The Four Point Workplace Program as its name suggests, it is a program that contains four elements in approaching optimum effective health and safety standards. These elements Commitment and Employee Involvement The manager or management team leads the way, by setting policy, assigning and supporting responsibility, setting an example and involving employees. Worksite Analysis The worksite is continually analyzed to identify all existing and potential hazards. Hazard Prevention and Control Methods to prevent or control existing or potential hazards are put in place and maintained. Training for Employees, Supervisors and Managers Managers, supervisors and employees are trained to understand and deal with worksite hazards. Conclusion: The success of a business rests to a large degree on the quality of the workforce successful management of this crucial resource is critical (Biz/ed, 2010) The Employer has a responsibility to ensure that his/her employees are safe at work, and so may institute regulations and policies to ensure this. It is now the responsibility of the employee to make certain that they follow these rules. As an employee, one has rights and responsibilities for their own wellbeing and that of their colleagues and by extension the public (customers) (OSHA, n.d.). The key to the success of a safety and health plan is to see it as a part of the business operation and to see it reflected in the day-to-day operations.ÂÂ  As the implemented plan is incorporated into the business culture, health and safety consciousness will become engrained into the psyche of everyone. (OSHA, n.d.). Protecting people on the job is in everyones best interest our economy, our communities, our fellow workers and our families. Safety and health add value to businesses, workplaces and lives (OSHA, n.d.).